Orchids are captivating plants with diverse growth habits and stunning flowers that make them favourites among plant enthusiasts. While these exotic plants may seem intimidating, potting and mounting orchids can be straightforward with the right approach and materials. This article provides an introduction to potting and mounting techniques to help your orchids thrive in a home environment.

Mounting Orchids

Mounting orchids can be a beautiful way to display them while allowing them to grow in a more natural setup, mimicking how they attach themselves to trees in their native habitats. Here are some materials you can use to mount orchids, each offering its own advantages and aesthetic:

1. Cork Bark

• Pros: Cork is lightweight, rot-resistant, and has a rough texture that provides a good grip for orchid roots. It also retains some moisture, which helps orchids that need a humid environment.
• Cons: It can be more expensive than other materials and may be hard to find in large pieces.
• Best for: Many epiphytic orchids like Phalaenopsis, Dendrobiums, and Oncidiums.

2. Tree Fern Fiber

• Pros: This natural material is moisture-retentive, which benefits orchids that like a bit of dampness. It's also lightweight and easy for roots to penetrate.
• Cons: Harvesting of tree fern fiber is not always sustainable, and it can be challenging to find large pieces.
• Best for: Smaller orchids that like consistent moisture, such as Masdevallias and some miniature species.

3. Wood Slabs or Branches

• Types of wood: Oak, cedar, or other hardwoods are preferred, as they resist rot.
• Pros: Natural-looking and provides a solid base for orchids to attach to. Wood also holds moisture better than some other mounts.
• Cons: Some woods may rot quickly if exposed to high humidity for extended periods.
• Best for: Epiphytic orchids like Cattleyas and Vandas.

4. Driftwood

• Pros: Driftwood has a unique shape and aesthetic, with natural curves that add visual interest to the orchid display. It's also durable and rot-resistant.
• Cons: Can be harder to work with if the wood is very dense, and driftwood may have salt residue, which needs to be removed before use.
• Best for: Hardy epiphytes, like Vandas and some types of Dendrobiums.

5. Tree Bark

• Pros: Various types of tree bark (such as pine, oak, or even grapevine) provide a natural surface for orchids to cling to. They often have a rough texture, which helps roots attach firmly.
• Cons: Some bark, like pine, can decompose relatively quickly.
• Best for: Many species of orchids, including Bulbophyllums and some smaller Phalaenopsis varieties.

6. Clay or Ceramic Tiles

• Pros: These are durable, water-resistant, and can help regulate temperature around the roots. Clay is porous and can hold some moisture for the roots.
• Cons: Heavier than wood and might not provide as strong an anchor for roots.
• Best for: Orchids that tolerate drier conditions, like some Cattleyas and Encyclias.

7. Coconut Husk or Coconut Fiber Boards

• Pros: Coconut fiber is eco-friendly and retains moisture well. It also has a good texture for root attachment.
• Cons: May break down over time and needs to be replaced more frequently than harder materials.
• Best for: Orchids that prefer a humid environment, like Bulbophyllums and Masdevallias.

8. Metal Wire or Metal Mesh (Rust-Resistant)

• Pros: Durable and allows air to circulate freely around the orchid roots, mimicking their natural environment.
• Cons: Orchids need to be padded with moss or another medium, as metal can become very hot or cold. Avoid metals that can rust.
• Best for: Any orchid species, as long as care is taken to manage temperature and humidity.

9. Pine Cones

• Pros: An inexpensive and interesting mounting option, especially for miniature orchids. Pine cones offer lots of surface area for roots to attach.
• Cons: Smaller surface area than other mounts, limiting space for root growth.
• Best for: Miniature or tiny orchids that don't need a lot of space, like small Pleurothallids.

10. Rock or Lava Stone

• Pros: Offers a unique and natural-looking display, especially for orchids that grow on cliffs in nature. Lava stone is porous and retains some moisture.
• Cons: Heavy and challenging to hang. Rocks don't absorb much water, so they require frequent misting.
• Best for: Orchids that enjoy quick-drying roots, such as some Dendrobiums and Laelias.

Mounting Tips

• Preparation: Ensure the surface is clean and, if necessary, soak the mount in water to remove any salt or contaminants.
• Attachment: Secure the orchid with wire, twine, or zip ties. Moss, like sphagnum moss, can be added around the roots to help retain moisture.
• Maintenance: Orchids mounted on non-water-retentive materials may need more frequent watering.

Potting Orchids

 1. Recommended Potting Media Components

a. Bark

• Medium to Large Fir Bark: Fir bark is a common and effective choice, as it provides good aeration and drains well. Medium-grade bark works best for most Brassias, but if your environment is more humid, larger pieces can increase airflow further.
• Orchid Bark Mixes: Ready-made orchid mixes often include fir bark as the base and can be a convenient choice.

b. Sphagnum Moss

• Sphagnum moss retains moisture, which is beneficial if you live in a drier climate or if your Brassia orchids need a bit more humidity. However, use sparingly as it can hold water, and too much moss can make the medium overly moist.

c. Charcoal

• Charcoal helps keep the potting medium fresh by absorbing toxins and odors, providing a cleaner environment for the orchid roots.

d. Perlite or Pumice

• Adding perlite or pumice increases drainage and prevents the potting mix from becoming too compacted. Both materials create additional air pockets in the medium, encouraging healthy root growth.

e. Tree Fern Fiber or Coconut Husk Chips (Optional)

• These materials hold moisture longer than bark but still allow for aeration, making them suitable for drier climates. Coconut husk chips break down more slowly than bark, which can be beneficial for reducing the frequency of repotting.

When you talk with more experienced orchid growers, you will learn of thier varying experiences, and some of the other potting material they use in their mixes depending on the type of orchid they are repotting.

2. Example Potting Mixes

Basic Mix (Ideal for Moderate to High Humidity)

• 70% medium-grade fir bark
• 10% sphagnum moss (or skip if humidity is high)
• 10% charcoal
• 10% perlite

Dry-Climate Mix (Ideal for Low Humidity)

• 50% fir bark
• 20% coconut husk chips
• 15% sphagnum moss
• 10% charcoal
• 5% perlite or pumice

3. Pot and Repotting Tips for Brassia Orchids

Choose a Pot with Good Drainage

• Plastic pots with multiple drainage holes work well, as do slatted baskets if you’re in a very humid environment. Clay pots are another option that can help dry out the media faster, but they’re heavier and may be harder to move.

Repot Every 2–3 Years

• Orchids benefit from fresh potting media every two to three years as bark and other organic components break down over time. Repot when the potting medium decomposes or if the plant has outgrown its pot, ideally right after the blooming season.

Using the right potting mix and refreshing it regularly will support healthy root growth and help your orchids thrive for years to come!

Have a great week growing,

Peter Johnson

Orchids In Print

All products and photography are taken and created by us in our own facility.

Information and images sourced from writers experience, experience of other growers, and external resources.

Vanda orchids are renowned for their stunning flowers and exotic beauty. These orchids, native to the tropical regions of Southeast Asia, are prized for their vibrant colours and intricate patterns. While they are a bit more demanding than some other orchid species, their spectacular blooms make the effort worthwhile.

This guide provides detailed information on how to successfully grow and care for Vanda orchids.

Understanding Vanda Orchids

Origin and Natural Habitat

Vanda orchids originate from Southeast Asia, including countries like Thailand, India, the Philippines, and Indonesia. They thrive in warm, humid environments and are typically found growing on trees or rocks in their natural habitat.

This epiphytic and occasionally lithophytic nature influences their care requirements in cultivation.

Characteristics

• Flowers: Vanda orchids are known for their large, vibrant flowers that come in a range of colours including blue, purple, red, pink, and yellow. They often have intricate patterns like spots and stripes.

• Leaves: The leaves vary by species, ranging from strap-like and broad to terete (cylindrical) and narrow. They are usually leathery and can grow quite long.

• Roots: Vanda orchids have thick, aerial roots covered in a spongy tissue called velamen, which helps absorb moisture and nutrients from the air.

Cultivation Requirements

Light

Vanda orchids require bright, indirect light. They thrive with about 50-70% sunlight. Placing them in a south or east-facing window is ideal if grown indoors. In the summer, they can be moved outdoors to a shaded location where they get morning sun and afternoon shade.

Temperature

These orchids prefer warm temperatures. The ideal range is between 70-90°F (21-32°C) during the day and slightly cooler at night, around 60-70°F (15-21°C). They can tolerate higher temperatures if humidity is also high.

Humidity

High humidity is crucial for Vanda orchids. They thrive in humidity levels of 60-80%. If growing indoors, using a humidifier or placing the orchids on a humidity tray can help maintain the necessary moisture levels. Misting the roots and leaves regularly can also help.

Watering

Vanda orchids need frequent watering due to their aerial roots. Water them thoroughly, ensuring that all roots are soaked, then allow them to dry slightly before the next watering. In hot weather, daily watering may be necessary. In cooler conditions, watering every 2-3 days is usually sufficient.

Fertilization

Regular feeding is important for Vanda orchids. Use a balanced orchid fertiliser, diluted to half strength, and apply it every week during the growing season. Reduce fertilisation during the winter months when the plant’s growth slows.

Air Circulation

Good air circulation is essential to prevent fungal infections and root rot. Ensure the orchids are placed in a well-ventilated area. Their roots should not be confined to a pot but allowed to hang freely to improve airflow.

Potting and Mounting

Vanda orchids are typically grown in baskets or mounted on slabs, allowing their roots to hang freely. This mimics their natural growing conditions and provides excellent air circulation. If using a basket, fill it with a coarse medium like large bark chunks or charcoal to support the plant while allowing air to reach the roots.

Repotting

Repotting Vanda orchids is usually necessary every 2-3 years or when the plant outgrows its current container. Choose a slightly larger basket or mount, and be careful not to damage the roots during the process. Soaking the roots beforehand can make them more pliable and easier to handle.

Common Problems and Solutions

Root Rot

Root rot is a common issue caused by overwatering or poor drainage. Ensure the roots dry slightly between waterings and provide good air circulation. If rot occurs, trim away the affected roots and treat the healthy ones with a fungicide.

Pests

Vanda orchids can be susceptible to pests like spider mites, aphids, and mealybugs. Regularly inspect the plants and use insecticidal soap or neem oil to treat infestations. Maintaining good air circulation and humidity can also help prevent pest problems.

Leaf Spot

Leaf spot can be caused by fungal or bacterial infections. Remove affected leaves and treat the plant with a fungicide. Ensure good air circulation and avoid wetting the leaves excessively.

Popular Vanda Species and Hybrids

• Vanda coerulea: Known for its stunning blue flowers, often called the Blue Vanda.

• Vanda tricolor: Features fragrant flowers with a combination of white, yellow, and purple hues.

• Vanda sanderiana: Native to the Philippines, this species produces large, multi-colored blooms.

• Vanda Rothschildiana: A popular hybrid known for its robust growth and beautiful flowers in shades of blue and purple.

Growing Vanda orchids can be a rewarding experience for those willing to meet their specific care requirements. With their breathtaking flowers and diverse colours, Vanda orchids can be a standout addition to any orchid collection.

By understanding their natural habitat and providing the right conditions, you can enjoy the stunning blooms of Vanda orchids year after year.

Have a great week,

Peter Johnson

Orchids In Print

Bulbophyllum orchids are a captivating and diverse genus, admired for their unique floral structures and adaptability. Growing these orchids can be a rewarding endeavor for both novice and experienced orchid enthusiasts. This guide will provide detailed instructions on how to cultivate Bulbophyllum orchids successfully, focusing on their specific needs and optimal growing conditions.

Understanding Bulbophyllum Orchids

Bulbophyllum orchids are predominantly epiphytic, meaning they grow on other plants, usually trees, without drawing nutrients from their host. They are also found growing on rocks (lithophytic) and, less commonly, on the ground (terrestrial). Their natural habitats range from tropical rainforests to subtropical regions, where they thrive in high humidity and moderate temperatures.

Selecting the Right Species

Before starting, it's essential to choose the right Bulbophyllum species for your growing conditions. Some popular species include:

• Bulbophyllum medusae: Known for its striking, hair-like flowers.
• Bulbophyllum phalaenopsis: Famous for its large, foul-smelling blooms.
• Bulbophyllum biflorum: Appreciated for its relatively easy care and attractive flowers.

Environmental Requirements

Light

Bulbophyllum orchids prefer moderate to bright, indirect light. They naturally grow under the canopy of trees, receiving dappled sunlight. Here’s how to provide the right light:

• Indoors: Place the orchids near an east or west-facing window. Use sheer curtains to filter direct sunlight.
• Outdoors: If grown outdoors, ensure they are in a shaded area where they can receive filtered sunlight, such as under a tree or a shade cloth.

Temperature

Most Bulbophyllum orchids thrive in temperatures between 65-80°F (18-27°C). They generally prefer stable temperatures without significant fluctuations. For species-specific needs, consider the native habitat:

• Lowland species: Prefer warmer temperatures.
• High-altitude species: Can tolerate cooler temperatures, but still within a moderate range.

Humidity

Bulbophyllum orchids require high humidity, typically between 50-80%. Here’s how to maintain optimal humidity:

• Indoors: Use a humidity tray or a humidifier to keep the air moist. Regular misting can also help.
• Greenhouses: Greenhouses naturally provide high humidity, making them ideal for Bulbophyllum orchids.

Potting and Medium

Selecting the right potting medium and container is crucial for Bulbophyllum orchids, as their epiphytic nature demands excellent drainage and aeration.

Potting Medium

A well-draining medium is essential to prevent root rot. Common choices include:

• Bark mix: A combination of medium-sized fir bark, perlite, and charcoal.
• Sphagnum moss: Provides good moisture retention but must be monitored to avoid waterlogging.
• Coconut husk chips: Offer good aeration and moisture retention.

Containers

Choose containers that promote good air circulation:

• Net pots or slotted pots: Allow for maximum air movement around the roots.
• Hanging baskets: Suitable for species with trailing growth habits.

Watering

Bulbophyllum orchids need regular watering to mimic their natural moist environment. However, the frequency of watering depends on several factors:

• Temperature and humidity: Higher temperatures and lower humidity increase water needs.
• Potting medium: Moss retains moisture longer than bark, requiring less frequent watering.

A general guideline is to water thoroughly when the top inch of the medium feels dry. Ensure water drains completely to prevent root rot.

Fertilisation

Bulbophyllum orchids benefit from regular feeding during their growing season (spring to fall). Use a balanced orchid fertilizer, diluted to half strength, every two to four weeks. During the dormant season (winter), reduce fertilization frequency to once a month or stop altogether.

Pruning and Maintenance

Regular maintenance ensures healthy growth and blooming:

• Remove dead or yellowing leaves: This prevents disease and improves appearance.
• Trim spent flower spikes: Encourage the plant to focus on new growth.
• Repotting: Repot every two to three years or when the medium breaks down. This prevents root rot and provides fresh nutrients.

Pest and Disease Management

Bulbophyllum orchids can be susceptible to pests such as aphids, mealybugs, and spider mites. Regularly inspect your plants and use appropriate treatments:

• Insecticidal soap: Effective against soft-bodied insects.
• Neem oil: A natural pesticide that controls various pests.

Fungal and bacterial infections can occur if humidity is too high or airflow is inadequate. Ensure good air circulation and avoid waterlogged conditions to prevent these issues.

Growing Bulbophyllum orchids can be a fulfilling experience, rewarding growers with their unique and often spectacular blooms. By providing the right light, temperature, humidity, and care, you can cultivate these fascinating orchids successfully. Remember to choose species suited to your environment, monitor their needs closely, and enjoy the process of nurturing these extraordinary plants.

Over the past 5 years I have been growing 2 Bulbophyllum orchids, with very slow growth happening until 12 months ago. At our orchid society meeting, I learn’t Bulbophylums preferred shallow pots/trays, and a small to medium orchid mix, as they have fine roots.

My Bulbo’s were in pots 100mm/4in depth, & 200mm/8in wide, and in a course bark. Whilst the width of the pots were not an issue, the depth and potting mix were.

So, I cut out some styrene into circles to fit the pot, and 63mm.2.5in thick. I then re-potted the Bulbo’s using a small to medium size mix.

Since then, in the shallower pot, and finer bark mix, they have grown quickly, and flowered several times.

Have a great week,

Peter Johnson

Orchids In Print

Information sourced externally.

The Oncidium Alliance Orchids, also known as Oncidium orchids, encompass a diverse group of orchid species and hybrids. Renowned for their vibrant and intricate flowers, they are favored by orchid enthusiasts for their beauty and relatively easy care requirements. 

Below is a comprehensive guide to successfully growing Oncidium Alliance Orchids.

Light:

Oncidium orchids thrive in bright, indirect light. They generally prefer about 12-14 hours of light per day, but they should be protected from direct sunlight, especially during the hottest parts of the day. A south or east-facing window is often ideal for providing the necessary light levels.

Temperature:

Maintaining the right temperature is crucial for the health of Oncidium orchids. They typically prefer daytime temperatures between 21°C to 27°C (70°F to 80°F) and nighttime temperatures around 13°C to 18°C (55°F to 65°F). Providing a slight temperature drop at night can encourage blooming.

Humidity:

Oncidium orchids thrive in moderate to high humidity levels, ideally between 50% to 70%. To increase humidity, consider placing a humidifier near the plants, using a humidity tray filled with water and pebbles, or grouping orchids together.

Watering:

Proper watering is essential for Oncidium orchids. Allow the growing medium to almost dry out between waterings, but never let it become bone dry. When watering, thoroughly soak the potting medium and allow excess water to drain away. Avoid wetting the leaves to prevent rot. In general, water Oncidiums more frequently during their active growing season (spring and summer) and reduce watering during their rest period (Autum/fall and winter).

Potting Medium:

Oncidium orchids prefer a well-draining potting medium that allows air circulation around the roots. A common mix consists of bark, perlite, and sphagnum moss. Repotting should be done every 1-2 years or when the potting medium starts to decompose.

Fertilising:

During the active growing season, fertilise Oncidium orchids regularly with a balanced orchid fertiliser. Dilute the fertiliser to half or quarter strength to prevent burning the roots. Reduce or stop fertilising during the rest period.

Air Circulation:

Good air circulation is crucial for preventing fungal and bacterial diseases in Oncidium orchids. Ensure there is adequate ventilation around the plants, especially in humid environments. Gentle air movement from a fan can be beneficial.

Blooming:

With proper care, Oncidium orchids will reward you with beautiful blooms. Most varieties bloom once a year, typically in the late winter or spring. Providing a slight temperature drop at night during the fall can stimulate blooming.

Pests and Diseases:

Keep an eye out for common orchid pests such as aphids, mealybugs, scale, and spider mites. Treat infestations promptly with insecticidal soap or horticultural oil. Additionally, watch for signs of root rot, which can occur due to overwatering or poor drainage.

Growing Oncidium Alliance Orchids can be a rewarding experience for both novice and experienced orchid enthusiasts. By providing the right conditions regarding light, temperature, humidity, watering, and fertilizing, you can enjoy the spectacular blooms of these remarkable orchids year after year. Remember, patience and attentive care are key to success in orchid cultivation.

Have a great week growing,

Peter 

Orchids In Print

The Enigmatic Paphiopedilum Orchids: Unraveling Their Growth and Cultivation

Orchids have long captivated enthusiasts with their unparalleled beauty and diversity. Among these botanical marvels, Paphiopedilum orchids, also known as slipper orchids, stand out for their distinct appearance and intriguing characteristics. Beloved for their striking blooms and resilience, these enchanting flowers have amassed a dedicated following among both novice and seasoned orchid aficionados.

Distinctive Characteristics

Paphiopedilums are recognized for their unique pouch-shaped blooms, often resembling a slipper or moccasin, hence the moniker "slipper orchids." Their alluring flowers come in an array of colors, from deep purples to soft pinks and vibrant yellows, often adorned with intricate patterns and markings. These exotic blooms can last for several weeks, delighting enthusiasts with their longevity.

Natural Habitat

Originating from Southeast Asia, Paphiopedilum orchids typically thrive in shaded, humid environments, nestled within the leaf litter or on rocky surfaces in forests. They have adapted to grow in diverse conditions, from cool mountainous regions to warm lowlands, showcasing their versatility and adaptability.

Cultivation of Paphiopedilum Orchids

Light and Temperature

Proper lighting is crucial for Paphiopedilums. They thrive in moderate, indirect light, preferring filtered sunlight rather than direct exposure. Avoiding harsh sun rays is essential to prevent leaf damage. Maintaining a temperature range between 60°F to 80°F (15°C to 27°C) supports their growth, although specific species might have varying temperature requirements.

Humidity and Watering

These orchids favor high humidity levels, mirroring their native habitats. Maintaining humidity between 50% to 70% is optimal; using a humidifier or placing a tray filled with water and pebbles beneath the plants can help elevate moisture levels. When it comes to watering, allowing the potting medium to slightly dry between waterings is advisable. Overwatering can lead to root rot, while insufficient moisture can hinder growth and flowering.

Potting Medium and Repotting

A well-draining potting mix is essential for Paphiopedilum orchids. A combination of materials like bark, sphagnum moss, perlite, and charcoal promotes adequate aeration and drainage. Repotting should be done when the potting medium starts to decompose or when the plant outgrows its container, typically every 2-3 years. Be cautious not to damage the delicate roots during repotting.

Challenges and Tips for Success

Pests and Diseases

Paphiopedilums are generally hardy but can fall prey to pests like aphids, mealybugs, or spider mites. Regularly inspecting plants and treating infestations promptly with insecticidal soap or horticultural oil can prevent widespread damage. Additionally, maintaining proper air circulation and avoiding waterlogged conditions can mitigate the risk of fungal diseases.

Species Variations and Care

It's crucial to note that different species within the Paphiopedilum genus may have distinct care requirements. Some species might prefer cooler temperatures or specific potting mediums. Therefore, understanding the unique needs of the particular orchid species is essential for successful cultivation.

Cultivating Paphiopedilum orchids is a rewarding journey that combines art and science. Their exotic allure and resilience make them a prized addition to any orchid collection. By mimicking their natural habitat and understanding their specific care requirements, enthusiasts can witness these captivating slipper orchids thrive and bloom, unveiling their mysterious beauty in all its glory.

Have a great week growing

Peter

Orchids In Print

Zygopetalum orchids are stunning plants renowned for their vibrant, fragrant flowers and relatively easy care requirements. Here’s a guide on growing these beautiful orchids:

Light:

• Moderate to Bright Indirect Light: Zygopetalums thrive in moderate to bright indirect light. Avoid direct sunlight as it can scorch their leaves.

Temperature:

• Moderate Temperatures: These orchids prefer moderate temperatures ranging from 60-75°F (15-24°C) during the day and a slight drop at night.

Humidity:

• High Humidity: Zygopetalums appreciate higher humidity levels, ideally between 50-70%. Placing a humidifier nearby or using a humidity tray can be beneficial.

Watering:

• Even Moisture: Water zygopetalums consistently, allowing the top inch of the potting mix to dry out before watering again. They generally prefer even moisture without becoming waterlogged.

Potting Mix:

• Well-Draining Mix: Use a well-draining orchid mix that includes materials like bark, perlite, and charcoal. Repotting is typically done every 1-2 years or when the potting mix begins to decompose.

Fertilization:

• Regular Feeding: During the growing season (spring and summer), use a balanced orchid fertilizer every 2-4 weeks. Reduce or stop fertilizing during the dormant period in fall and winter.

Air Circulation:

• Good Airflow: Zygopetalums benefit from good air circulation. Adequate ventilation prevents stagnant air around the plant and reduces the risk of fungal or bacterial infections.

Blooming:

• Seasonal Blooms: Zygopetalums typically bloom in late winter to early spring, displaying exquisite, fragrant flowers that can last several weeks.

Pruning:

• Trimming Spent Blooms: Once the flowers fade, trim the spike at the base to encourage new growth and potential re-blooming.

Pests and Diseases:

• Vigilant Observation: Watch out for common orchid pests like aphids, mealybugs, or scale. Treat any infestations promptly with appropriate methods. (See our past blogs on insecticide and fungicides)

Special Care:

• Adaptation: Zygopetalums may take some time to adjust to new environments or care routines. Patience and consistent care will help them acclimate.

Propagation:

• Division: Zygopetalums can be propagated through division during repotting. Ensure each division has healthy roots and shoots to establish a new plant.

By providing proper light, moisture, temperature, and care, your zygopetalum orchid can thrive and reward you with its striking blooms. Remember, observing and responding to your plant’s specific needs is key to successful cultivation.

Have a great week of growing.